Hanwha Group’s potential acquisition of Korea Aerospace Industries (KAI) could give the country’s aerospace and defense industry a much-needed boost in the global market, as privately owned defense firms have significantly outpaced their state-backed rival in sales growth. Yet transferring control of a strategically important company to a private conglomerate would also raise questions over national security, market concentration and the public investment underpinning its technological achievements. KAI has remained under state ownership since its establishment in 1999, with the state-run Export-Import Bank of Korea as its largest shareholder, holding a 26.41 percent stake. Hanwha is the second-largest shareholder, with a 15.89 percent stake. KAI’s relatively modest growth compared with private-sector defense counterparts highlights the potential benefits of a change in ownership. Lagging behind other private defense firms, KAI’s annual sales reached 3.69 trillion won ($2.79 billion) in 2025, inching down from 3.81 trillion won in 2023. Over the same period, LIG Defense & Aerospac